The End?

So this is suppose to be my last blog post of the year. Dam....... time passes by mad quick. It felt like just yesterday I walked into Mr.Pinza's class for the first time wondering wtf it would be like. "Are any of my friends in here?". "Whats Mr.Pinza going to be like?". "Whats the class going to be like? And most importantly, "Are there any cute girls?!!!" hahahaha XD. I was excited to met knew people and see how they thought, felt, and viewed the people/situations around them. Turns out the people in the class and the class itself were nice and chill (literally its cold as f#ck in there >:o ). Mr.Pinza was very out going and seems to really care about his students getting a good eduction. Something which some teachers lack a lot off. This class has taught me many things I have wanted to know for a long time. Why politicians use such thick vocabulary, how rhetorical devices/styles can morph phrases and their meanings/feelings, and other interesting things about society in general.  I'm not going to lie, at first I thought this blog assignment was going to be pretty boring. But it isn't half bad. You get to talk about the things that interest you by researching thoroughly in order to present a good post. Aside from that though, I'm not sure there's any motivation to continue doing this without some sort of reward; i.e. a school grade. However I think I might just start up a different blog that doesn't talk about science, but about my current thoughts. I will use it whenever I feel happy, inspired, sad, or just feel like letting some emotions out. Obviously I'm not going to express all my feelings completely because I believe most things are better left to be thought upon.

Most importantly this blog experience brought about a realization in me. We're all growing up and there's nothing we can do about it. People that we met now and next year will bring changes upon our thought process for years to come. Only about a hand full of people you met this year, and are going to met next year, will affect your life. These are the people who you will remember as an adult. The memories, the experiences, the connections you build with one another will be carried on with you through out your life. These are the only years that you will know these people and they're passing by quick. After that its college and then "real life".  To me this is crazy because all my life I've lived in the same area. A little place with about three little streets in it, all of which contain apartments. All I know about the world comes from these little streets because I haven't really traveled anywhere far (The farthest I've been is to LA which I stayed for only 1 day). The people I've meet since pre-school all the way up to present day have shaped who I am today. And its crazy seeing how much time has changed them, including me. I remember playing soccer or wall ball with my friends during recess and having such a fun time. Most of those friends today have either dropped out, were expelled, moved, or are in juevy. It honestly makes me mad because I truly want everyone to succeed, especially those who I've known all my life. Most people criticize them because of how they act or how they come off. I hate when people do that sh!t. People don't realize that that person had to have passed through something to get them to that point. People never think "huh, why does that boy smoke/drink/fight ect...".  No, instead they think "f#ck that kid, hes worthless. He's just another useless person in society, lets not help him out at all. And if were forced to help them, well just half ass the job. Lets care more about those who grew up in the richer areas.". F#ck that sh!t, why should you give up on them?!!! They deserve to be helped out more than the rich kids, but instead society lets them become criminals. Yeah the kids chose their path and most are given support to go the right track, and many still go the wrong route. However the problem goes deeper then that. You have to go to the neighborhoods they live in. See what they go through and what they see. And most of the problems they encounter stem from poverty. I'm not saying its as bad as places as LA, Oakland, Brooklyn, Detroit, or any of those far worse places. But kids don't just turn out bad just cause they're Mexican, Black, or poor. They are raised a certain way which causes them to view the world differently. So why doesn't the government take money from the rich and put it into the poor to prevent bad childhoods which lead to criminals?

Because people are a bunch of selfish and in-compassionate a$$holes. Why is it that theres f#cking people with millions of dollars and then in Africa/the Middle East/ Latin America/ the hoods/ and other poverty stricken places there are people struggling to survive? Don't you think that maybe they don't need that much money? No they don't! Wtf do they do with that money! They buy mansions, yachts, expensive cars, and a bunch of useless bullsh!t. One doesn't need much of the "normal" stuff we have today either. Do we really need that 200$ phone we see on the T.V. or that big expensive house. No we don't, all we need are the basic things in life. Food, water, shelter, and love. Yes we can indulge ourselves with some interesting things but society has pushed it to far. Take technology for example. Technology has revolutionized the world for it let has let information travel world wide in a matter of seconds. It has allowed people's voices to be heard and seen. We over use technology though. We have gotten to the point were people care more about technology/money than each other. Have you ever seen someone just flat out spend 200$ on some homeless guy. No, but you see people buying 200$ dollar iPods, Phones, designer products, and other sh!t. IDK, I guess I just see things differently. I just think that its messed up that people put more value on money and iteams, than on living, breathing, and thinking human beings.

The downfall to technology to me also is that it has brought isolation to our society. People don't go outside to meet people anymore. Instead of interacting physically they text or facebook like a bunch of unsocial turtles. I hate that people don't just go outside to have fun because instead we have T.V., internet, video games, ect.... Sometimes I think that the people in Africa (besides the civil wars, diseases, and food shortages) have it better than us. They live in tribes were all the people in them have such deep and compassionate connections to each other. They don't worry about trying to impress each other by buying the new iPhone or a new car or any of that bullsh!t. They live life simply and fun, just how its supposed to be. Same goes with people in the really violent areas like LA, Oakland, Brooklyn, ect... Apart from the drugs, gangs, and other violence in these areas. The connections these "gangsters" form are in my opinion unbelievable. They live and breath for each other. They are truly connected with each other and they show true love for each other. They give up there f#cking lives for each other. I'll provide a link to a very very insightful documentary about LA gangsters and how they view the world. The documentary took 10 years to make and it shows how the gangsters deal with the problems they face in 10 years. It shows us that we are all human no matter where we grow up or what we do. These instances were humans have such deep loving connections with one another is something I have wanted and have thought about for a long time.

IDK maybe this is how I look at things because I have felt so disconnected from everyone I've ever met. I'm also just tired of over thinking and stressing about everything every single day of every single moment. I just want to go back to the days were I could just play and not have to worry about what people thought about me, my college plans, my future plans, ect... I just want people to judge each other not for what they have done, but for who they truly are. IDK, I kinda don't feel like talking anymore. I put myself in a funk again :(

-Link Below to my other New Blog where Ima just talk about what I'm thinking about or feeling. Not sure when I'll make my first post on it though.



http://wanttoknowwhatimthinking.blogspot.com/


-Link to the documentary below. Trust me, its really really good and I suggest you watch it alone when you have the time. It has more than one part so I'll just provide the links to all of them down below.

- Part 1:

- Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StpApcUQ88s&feature=channel&list=UL

- Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xdy6zhzlafg&feature=BFa&list=ULStpApcUQ88s

- Part 4: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-lmveoYym8&feature=BFa&list=ULXdy6zhzlafg

- Part 5: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0N6A8nRi2o&feature=BFa&list=ULQ-lmveoYym8

- Part 6: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NlXwXT6c_xU&feature=BFa&list=ULG0N6A8nRi2o

Special Relativity at its Simplest

Albert Einstein in his glory year of 1905 published many papers which changed modern physics against its will. One of those papers discussed the idea of Special Relativity. Since at the moment I have no idea how the theory's math works, and Im guessing you guys wouldn't really care about the math anyway, I will just give you the basic idea behind Special Relativity.

Lets begin by imagining yourself floating in a starless space by yourself where in every direction you look its pitch black. Lets assume that you are still, but wait, can we assume that? At this very moment you can say you are sitting still on your chair. The reality is that its all relative. Relative to the room, your still. Relative to the Earth, your rotating along the Earth's axis at hundreds of miles be hour. Relative to the sun, your moving at thousands of miles per hour as the Earth rotates around it. Eventually you get to the point to where you are moving at around 500,000 miles per hour as the Milky Way galaxy moves outwards into space as a result of the Universe's inflation property. So to connect back to the earlier scenario, you cannot say you are completely stationary in space because you have no reference points to tell you whether you are moving or not. Its like when you are on the freeway and you look outside the car window. As you see a road sign approaching, you perceive it as though it were moving towards you. Obviously we know thats not the case because we know we are moving. We know because we feel the bumps of the road as the car wobbles to them. We also feel the acceleration that the car produces, (but that applies to General Relativity which I will save for the next post). We know for a fact that we are not stationary and that the road signs aren't the ones moving past us. This is due to the forces we feel in the car. However the scenario above doesn't include forces in it.

So now that we understand that key analogy lets jump back to the earlier scene. So your in space were nothing is visible. You don't "feel" like your moving and in affect you feel still. This feeling of stillness is a lie though. When someone is floating in space at a constant velocity, they don't feel like they are moving. This means that someone could be traveling at 500,000 m/s in a frictionless space and not know they are. So there is no way of knowing whether you are moving or not in a colorless space if no forces are felt.

Now lets change the scene a little to give you a little more understanding. Lets say you get a buddy called Derpina. Lets also say you are both given a light to wear thats always on. A blue light for you and a red one for Derpina. Lets say your both floating in space and you guys have never seen each other before; completely unaware of each others existence. Now lets say you are in space and feel stationary. All of a sudden you see a red light in the distance. You start to panic as it gets closer and closer. Then for a couple of crucial seconds you see as Derpina whizzes by you. There goes the love of your life lol just playing XD. Anyway, right there and then you believe that you just saw Derpina move past you. You believe this because you felt stationary and therefore the only one who could have been moving was her. Remember however that in a frictionless space, if one goes at a constant velocity no feeling of moving is detected. Therefore we don't know which of you was moving. For all we know Derpina could have felt still and you could have beem the one moving past her. And as strange as this might sound, thats exactly what she experienced too. Once again neither will ever know whether one or the other was moving. The only way to know is if one felt a force which is as I said earlier, not a part of this discussion but of a future one. Now one more point, what if both you and Derpina feel like your both stationary and your both next to each other. We can either say your both stationary or your both moving at the same constant velocity.

So now that we have that out of the way lets take a break from all this space mumbo jumbo and head to a more "realistic" scene. Lets say that we have just entered a town who is having an intense confrontation between two political parties. One wants chocolate cake to be served on Mondays in and the other one wants pizza served every Monday. These two parties are both locked in a see-through train where a table is placed in the middle of it. The table has a light bulb fixed at its center giving both sides of the table an equal amount of distance from it. There are cameras all around the roads that the moving train is going to pass by. Both the left and the right side of the table contain a buzzer which sends a light beam to the light bulb in the middle, both equidistant from the light bulb (remember that light always goes at 3*10^8 m/s no matter what). There are people crowed all over bars waiting to see whats about to happen with the confrontation. Turns out the parties stuck a deal. Each party will have one representative sit at their corresponding side of the table and they will press the buzzer at the same time as the other one. If both of the light beams (which are passing through a see-through optical cable on the table) hit the bulb at the same time, then the parties will settle with switching Monday's lunches back and forth. However if one light beam hits the light bulb before the other, then the parties will go in an all out war.

Its the day of the decision and the parties are ready. Each side has their representative ready to press the buzzer at the same time. Since cameras are watching the event through the see-through train, the public watching the event through the bar's television can tell whether one light beam hit the light bulb first. The treaty is about to start but the train starts to move at a constant velocity of 30 m/s on frictionless tracks. The parties give each other the sign and press the buzzer at the same time. All the men on the train from both parties agreed that each beam hit the bulb at the same time and both the parties sign the treaty. Something very strange happened though. The public who supported chocolate cake swears that the cameras that broadcasted the event showed that the pizza party's beam hit first and therefore showed it wasn't going to comply with the treaty. As a result the cake party members at home start bombing the pizza party and a war starts between the two parties.

So how could such a problem be true if all the men on the train witnessed the light beam from each side hit the bulb at the same time? Who is right in this situation? The men on the train, or the men outside the train who saw the event through the camera's broadcast? Oddly both. Since the men on the train are moving at the same constant velocity on the frictionless tracks. We can say they all feel stationary and therefore relative to the train, all the men on the train are indeed stationary. So if both representatives hit the buzzer at the same time, which they did, then logically both light beams will hit the bulb at the same time. This truth however only holds true to the men on the train. Since all the men on the train are moving at the same constant velocity, they all experience and view the same thing. But what about the people watching the event at the bars which are not on the train moving at a constant velocity? They see one light beam hit the bulb first because its true relative to them and the train. Since the train is moving, one side of the table has a light beam moving towards the bulb faster while the other one has a light beam moving away from the bulb and therefore is slower to hit the light bulb.

To better illustrate this lets imagine you roll a ball on movable table. First you roll the ball left and keep the table still. Then you roll the ball left once again at the same speed but now you also roll the table left too. The effect? The ball has to travel a longer distance to reach the left edge of the table. Same goes with the train and the light beam. Since one light beam is going left and the train is also going left, the bulb in the middle of the table is moving away from the light beam moving left. Therefore the light beam has to travel a longer distance to reach the bulb. In contrast one light beam is moving to the right while the train moves the bulb on the table left. Here we can say that light beam is moving towards that light bulb quicker for it has to travel a shorter distance to get to it. So for the public seeing the event through the tv are right too. Since the people on the train are moving at a constant speed, they all feel stationary relative to the train and therefore its like they aren't moving. This makes the perception that the bulb (which is moving to the left) is not actually moving away from the light beam that is also moving left. So as the title of Einstein's theory suggests, the way you see this event is all based on its relativity. Both of the perceptions are correct, but only one is true based on your position of viewing the situation.

Im guessing your brain is probably fried right now and your about ready to flip a table all the way to China. Its alright though, not everything is understood the first time. Just try to re-read what I've wrote so far and try to understand the situation till you get it. There will also be some videos at the bottom to provide some visual aid. For those who understood it great. Let us continue with the rest ;)

Ok lets go back to the space scene with Derpina. You both still have your lights and are still in this pitch black frictionless space. Lets say you each have a clock and some super powerful binoculars. Lets say you see Derpina coming towards you once again and you quickly pull out your binoculars and check her clock while seeing your clock at the same time. Turns out her clock is moving slightly slower than yours. Wait what? Hold on it gets weirder. Derpina from her point of view sees you floating towards her and sees your clock moving slower than hers. WTF is going on!!!? This ladies and gentleman, is what we call Time Dilation. When someone is moving they go through time slower than people who aren't moving. In effect their clocks tick slower than people who relative to them, are stationary. However the people who are moving don't experience life in slow motion from their point of view. They perceive time passing by at normal speed like when they were stationary. The people not moving see the people in motion pass through time in slow motion because they aren't moving and therefore they move through time at its normal speed while the people in motion go through time at a slower speed.

Back to the scene between you and Derpina in space. Both of you see the other's clock moving slower, but which one of you is moving and therefore has the slower moving clock? Neither of you can tell since no force is felt by either. Therefore yall can each say that the other's clock was moving slower than yours. So once again we are stuck in a situation where both the perceptions are true. To elaborate more on how time slows down as you move faster, imagine a graph. The Y axis is "distance covered" and the X axis is "time". As you cover more distance over a smaller amount of time your velocity increases. As a result the more your velocity increases the less you move on the time axis. Eventually you hit the limit to how much distance can be covered over an amount of time. This limit is the speed of light. Once the speed of light has been hit the line on the graph will be parallel to the y-axis. You will no longer be moving on the time axis and time ceases to pass for you. In conclusion the higher your velocity, the less you move on the time axis and the slower time goes for you. Once you hit the speed of light, time stops and you don't move through time anymore. This is why scientist say that the light particles (the photon) created at the big bang are still flying through space inflating the universe. All while not going through time at all. Apart from Time Dilation there is also something called Length Contraction, where your length is shortened the faster you go. I won't any more in depth on it because this post is already lengthy.

 This post is just some of what Special Relativity has to offer. The theory's name fits its self because the situations it uses like the ones above require them to have special conditions. They require you to be at a fictionless location where your moving at a constant velocity. This is not however how the real world works. We don't all move at constant velocities, we experience acceleration and forces. Something which ties into General Relativity and my next post's topic.


P.S. Most of this was taken from Brian Greene's "The Elegant Universe".

If you want to learn more or better understand Special Relativity watch the vids below or read Brian Greene's book above.

Vid 1: A nice and simple video.

Vid 2: A quick but confusing video :s

Vid 3: You really want to dive deep and learn about Special Relativity. Take your chance and start with the basics. Let Stanford's own Leonard Susskind show you some physics!!!

Pie day and Albert Einstein

Today ladies and gentlemen, is Pi day :). Since its discovery back in Babylonian times, it has remained an iconic symbol in math. Pi derives from the ratio of a circle's circumference over its diameter. The Babylonians thought that the ratio was just three, but we know today that Pi is a three with an infinite amount of integers after its decimal point. We just use the convention 3.14 to simplify things. Now why is today Pi day? Because today's date is 3/14/12!  Now why is Pi called pie? lol because of its orientation when you reverse 3.14. Look at the picture below to see what I mean.

Apart from being pie day, its also Albert Einstein's birthday!!! Happy B-DAY Mr. Einstein. Your contributions to the world of science will never be forgotten :)  

 So below me will be some interesting videos on Pi. This post was just a quick post to celebrate todays two important events. Hope you have a good day and eat a piece of pie!!! >:)

Video 1:

Video 2:

Video 3:

Video 4:

Neutrinos may not be faster than light after all :(

CERN's claim that neutrinos might travel faster than the speed of light has had its first hard hit. ScienceInsider along with Opera researches have both claimed that a loose fiber optic cable was the fault that warped CERN's data. This loose fiber optic cable affected the atomic clocks that measured the neutrinos speeds. If this claim is true then this whole theory will be relegated and dismissed. Still, I have faith that the speed of light is just a mental idea. I just don't feel like the universe can have a speed limit. Then again I could be wrong. However there are a couple instances were the speed of light is surpassed. Quantum entanglement and the Universe's inflation are both known to pass the speed of light. So in a way the speed of light has already been surpassed, however it hasn't been broken with objects that have mass. Only time will determine this theory's fate. I would personally like this theory to be true. You know,  just to know Einstein was wrong lol :)

Being Raul (Not science related)

Raul, who is Raul? Raul is a very handsome mexican that likes turtles. Raul is a person who once he gets home turns up his music so loud that Africans in Nigeria can hear it. Raul is a person who dances in his room for no reason and then awkwardly gets caught by his parents and does that "yea I wasn't just dancing like a gorrilla o_0" thing. Raul is a person who procrastinates his homework like a dumby because he was on youtube for 5 hours looking at videos about illuminates lolol XD. Raul is that shy kid who is unable to talk to a pretty girl who's name starts with a J and ends in an A   :)

Raul is that socially awkward kid who tries to avoid bumping into people while walking but he awkwardly moves in the same direction the other person walks to. Raul is a retard who is unable to achieve a 4.0 in easy classes. Raul is that kid who listens to music 24/7 because he loves it more than burritos. Raul is that kid who wishes he had a time machine in order to erase past mistakes, mistakes like tripping over pebbles :/. Raul is the loser who cuddles with his stuffed animal (Killer whale) he got from six flags (he calls him whaley). Raul is the guy who starts screaming chinese gibberish because he dropped his bag of skittles. Raul is a prince who is waiting to make a princess very happy :]  


I could go on and on but I only really did this post for one reason. Hope you enjoyed this weird blog post which only some will understand ;). I will go back to my usual talk of science in my next post so don't trip chocolate chip. 


Peace out peeps


Update: It didn't workout :(

Higgs Boson, Four Fundamental Forces, and Virtual Particles

    Since my last post the world of particle physics has had another monumental step forward. The same scientist at Italy's CERN particle accelerator who discovered neutrinos traveling faster then the speed of light, have had a strong wiff of the elusive Higgs Boson. But what in gods name is a Higgs Boson? For this I will have to explain the current model of particle physics. Take in mind that Im only scratching the surface of particle physics. Im only describing it in a way were you, the reader, can easily visualize it and understand it to a certain degree. The ideas Im about to explain are still being researched on and have math with high ineffability. I will try and give some simple analogies but they don't in anyway interpret the onerous math behind it. Everything Im about to explain is as always, a theory. One day we might disprove it, but thats science. When the data doesn't fit the fact, change the fact.


In order to discuss the Hoggs Boson you must first know the Standard Model of Particle Physics. It is theorized today that the whole universe is under the rule of the four forces (Electromagnetism, Gravity, Weak Force, and the Strong Force).

 Electromagnetism is the force of electric charge. Like charges repel and opposites attract. The particles that have an electric charge are the proton, the electron, and the quarks. The first two particles also have their anti-matter brothers, the positron (electron with a positive charge) and the anti-proton (proton with a negative charge). These particles, along with the neutral neutron, make up all the atoms across the universe. They are the reason why you don't fall right through the ground. In theory, an atom's electrical activity with other atoms keeps you from falling through the ground. Now you might be asking yourself, but I thought stable atoms where neutral? And they are, but that still doesn't mean that the electric charges are just confined to the particles in the atom they are in, they also affect other atom's particles and vice versa. Electromagnetism is also associated with light, magnetism, friction, gamma rays, radio waves, and countless other things. But to prevent time consumption, I will stop elaborating on electromagnetism.

Gravity is the force that many probably think they know the best, which is a misconception. Gravity is easily explained as the attraction between things because they have mass. According to Albert Einstein, he showed that gravity is caused by mass curving space-time. Gravity is the weakest force out of all the forces. When compared to electromagnetism, electromagnetism is generally 4*10^42 times bigger!!! Compare it the strong force and you get an even bigger difference in the two forces's magnitudes. Gravity only seems bigger because of the colossal size of celestial bodies (i.e. things like stars, planets, meteors, comets ect...) in the universe. Think about this, it only takes a small amount of charge to overcome the Earth's gravitational pull.

The weak force is the force of decaying particles. It makes massive quarks and leptons decay into smaller ones. Quarks are the particles that make protons and neutrons, there are six in total. Apart from quarks, there are other particles that make up matter. These other particles are called Leptons. Leptons are other matter particles, particles like the electron and its heavier cousins the Muon and Tau. Apart from those particles there are three other types of lepton neutrinos. Each corresponding to the other three leptons (Example: A muon neutrino). An example of a decay is a Muon decays into a less massive Tau and a Muon neutrino/s. Electrons are the least massive lepton, therefore they are seen the most in nature.

The Strong force has to do with the attraction between quarks. Quarks not only have fractional electric charges, they also have another type of charge called Color charge. This color charge is immense for it keeps the nucleus of an atom tightly crowded together even though protons repel each other for having like charges. Quarks are never found by themselves, they are always found in groups of quarks, or in other words hadrons. Hadrons are always color charge neutral, but just like in electromagnetism where neutral atoms still affect other atoms because of their particles electric charge. Hadrons do the same with each other but instead of protons and electrons, they use quarks, and instead of using electric charge, they use color charge (which is a lot stronger).

In order for each force to be a real, a field and a force carrier particle are needed. A field is something that permeates space. Its effects are only confined to that space. In order for every force to create a field, they need a force carrier particle to create that force, thats where bosons come in. Bosons are small bundles of energy (quanta) that create a force field. The electromagnetic boson is the mass-less photon which travels at the speed of light. For gravity the theorized boson is the graviton. It hasn't been proven yet, but it is an important puzzle piece which is being researched on and worked on in string theory/M-theory (theories which try to connect the four forces and try to explain the whole universe). The weakforce has three bosons. The W boson (+ or -), and Z boson. The strong force (color force) has 8 bosons, the gluons. 

Bosons are absorbed and exchanged between their respective particles to produce a field and in turn, produce the force its meant to produce. Bosons can be either real or virtual.  Bosons are real when given enough energy, Bosons are a result of particle decay. A particle will decay and produce a boson and another particle/s (most likely another quark). In this process however the decay might produce a boson that is more massive then the initial quark. This is because the initial mass and the kinetic energy of the decay cause the formation of a more massive particle (a boson). This is luckily solved by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. A boson can exist after decay only if it lives for a small amount of time, then it decays into other particles. This type of situation produces a virtual particle, which is a particle that is present for such a small amount of time that its presence goes undetected. The virtual particle's affects can be felt because they make a force field, but the virtual particle's presence itself is undetectable because of its small life-span. Its important to note that virtual bosons are what make a force fields, not real bosons.



Now that we know all of that, we can finally get into the Higgs Boson. The Higgs Boson is as its names suggests, a boson. The field it produces when its in a virtual state is the Higgs Feild. The field is what gives particles mass. The more you interact with it, the more mass you have. Since the photon has no mass, we can say it doesn't interact with the Higgs Field at all. The top quark on the other hand has a relatively large mass, we can say it interacts with the Higgs Field a lot. Now recently the scientist at CERN had arranged a conference about their data that gave them a hint of what the real Higgs Boson's mass might be. Bosons are suppose to be mass-less in theory, surprisingly thats not how they work in reality thanks to the the Higgs field. 


I know this has been a lot of reading and your head might hurting a little, but luckily I have some videos for those who are more interested in this topic, or just want to clarify the topic better. Below me will be some links to further explain this blog entry. I recommend watching the first video at least. It explains stuff fairly well and provides some nice visual aid.


Video one : 

Video two:

Article 1: http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/21st_century_science/lectures/lec16.html

Website 1: A very very helpful website on particle physics.
http://particleadventure.org/eternal-questions.html

As always, thank you for reading and I hope you learned something interesting today :)